Patanjali Yoga Sutra – Chapter-1 – verse-8,9,10 & 11

Patanjali Yoga Sutra – Chapter-1 – verse-8:-

विपर्ययो मिथ्याज्ञानमतद्रूपप्रतिष्ठम्  ॥ ।८।

Wrong knowledge is knowledge which is false and not based upon the true nature of its object.

A very common example given in all Vedanta texts is that of rope mistaken for a snake. Wrong knowledge will cause fear.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra – Chapter-1 – verse-9:-

शब्दज्ञानानुपाती वस्तुशून्यो विकल्प:  ॥ ।९।

Verbal delusion arises when words no not correspond to reality.

Verbal delusion is nothing but hearing something and forming a hasty and inaccurate picture and jumping to conclusion.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra – Chapter-1 – verse-10:-

अभाव प्रत्ययालम्बना वृत्तिर्निद्रा   ॥ ।१०।

Sleep is a wave of thought about nothingness.

Sleep is not to be confused with the waveless state of Yoga.  Sleep is nothing but a positive experience of nothingness. Dreamless sleep is not an absence of thought waves in mind.

Patanjali Yoga Sutra – Chapter-1 – verse-11:-

अनुभूतविषयासम्प्रमोष: स्मृति: ॥  ।११।

Memory is when perceived objects are not forgotten, but come back to conciousness.

Memory is some sort of a secondary thought wave. Unwanted negative thought waves from memory can be quite dangerous when unchecked and may even lead to depression, anxiety and even mental disorders.